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The first record of these structures was in 1916, when Smith wrote a paper called "Ball or Pillow-form Structures in Sandstones." Here he referred to these deformations as pillow-forms or ball structures. The actual term "ball-and-pillow" came from Potter and Pettijohn (1963), when they cited Smith's work incorrectly. [4]
This process produces a series of interconnecting lobate shapes that are pillow-like in cross-section. [8] The skin cools much faster than the inside of the pillow, so it is very fine-grained, with a glassy texture. The magma inside the pillow cools slowly, so it is slightly coarser-grained than the skin, but it is still classified as fine grained.
Lava domes are formed by the extrusion of viscous felsic magma. They can form prominent rounded protuberances, such as at Valles Caldera. As a volcano extrudes silicic lava, it can form an inflation dome or endogenous dome, gradually building up a large, pillow-like structure which cracks, fissures, and may release cooled chunks of rock and rubble.
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More than 100 eruptions have occurred in the past 20 million years with a broad range of eruptive styles. [2] These volcanic processes have created a range of different volcanic landforms, including stratovolcanoes, [4] shield volcanoes, [5] lava domes [6] and cinder cones, [7] along with a few isolated examples of rarer volcanic forms such as tuyas. [8]
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