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Unlike hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, NAIT occurs during the first pregnancy in up to 50% of cases, [1] and the affected fetuses may develop severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000 μL −1) very early during pregnancy (as early as 20 weeks gestation, consistent with the development of platelet antigens, [1] and the majority of the time ...
Pregnant women with ITP are 1.83 times more likely to have bleeding episodes during pregnancy compared to non-pregnant females with ITP, however, with proper treatment, platelets rarely drop below 30,000. [63] In ITP, severe bleeding is a rare occurrence, and with treatment maternal deaths due to ITP are extremely rare. [63]
Treatment may include a direct thrombin inhibitor, such as lepirudin or argatroban. Other " blood thinners " sometimes used in this setting include bivalirudin and fondaparinux . Platelet transfusions are not routinely used to treat HIT because thrombosis, not bleeding, is the primary problem. [ 33 ]
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels. [1] Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain, problems speaking, or problems moving parts of the body. [1] As clotting factors and platelets are used up, bleeding may occur. [1]
Platelet transfusions are traditionally given to patients undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, multiple myeloma, those with aplastic anemia, AIDS, hypersplenism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), sepsis, bone marrow transplant, radiation treatment, organ transplant or surgeries such as cardiopulmonary bypass.
Acute posthemorrhagic anemia (also known as acute blood loss anemia) is a condition in which a person quickly loses a large volume of circulating hemoglobin. Acute blood loss is usually associated with an incident of trauma or a severe injury resulting in a large loss of blood. It can also occur during or after a surgical procedure. [19]
Banked blood during the blood transfusion process As the person receives their blood transfusion, the bag slowly empties, leaving behind blood that has clotted before it could be administered. Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 100g/L or hematocrit fell below 30%.
Thrombophilia (sometimes called hypercoagulability or a prothrombotic state) is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis (blood clots in blood vessels). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Such abnormalities can be identified in 50% of people who have an episode of thrombosis (such as deep vein thrombosis in the leg) that was not ...