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According to the Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, "near human-like levels of consciousness" have been observed in the grey parrot. [1]Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or of being aware of an external object or something within itself.
Intelligence in Nature: An Inquiry into Knowledge is a 2005 non-fiction book by Jeremy Narby. The book is a sequel to Narby's 1995 book The Cosmic Serpent and presents his hypotheses about intelligence in flora and fauna, and the ability of different species to communicate, including at the molecular level.
Monkeys and chimpanzees do learn to do this, as do pigeons if they are given a great deal of practice with many different stimuli. However, because the sample is presented first, successful matching might mean that the animal is simply choosing the most recently seen "familiar" item rather than the conceptually "same" item.
The general factor of intelligence, or g factor, is a psychometric construct that summarizes the correlations observed between an individual's scores on various measures of cognitive abilities. First described in humans, the g factor has since been identified in a number of nonhuman species.
However, these differences do not seem to impact overall Intelligence, implying that the same cognitive ability levels can be attained in different ways. [ 24 ] One specific methodology used to study grey matter correlates of intelligence in areas of the brain is known as voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
The testing of intelligence in birds is therefore usually based on studying responses to sensory stimuli. The corvids (ravens, crows, jays, magpies, etc.) and psittacines (parrots, macaws, and cockatoos) are often considered the most intelligent birds, and are among the most intelligent animals in general.
The brain is a biological machine, and we might build an artificial machine that was conscious; just as the heart is a machine, and we have built artificial hearts. Because we do not know exactly how the brain does it we are not yet in a position to know how to do it artificially." (Biological Naturalism, 2004)
The word intelligence derives from the Latin nouns intelligentia or intellēctus, which in turn stem from the verb intelligere, to comprehend or perceive.In the Middle Ages, the word intellectus became the scholarly technical term for understanding and a translation for the Greek philosophical term nous.