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The AMPA receptor bound to a glutamate antagonist showing the amino terminal, ligand binding, and transmembrane domain, PDB 3KG2. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate and predominantly Na + ion channel that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the ...
α-Methylphenylalanine (α-MePhe or AMPA) is an artificial amino acid and a phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative. [1] It is the α- methylated analogue of phenylalanine , the precursor of the catecholamine neurotransmitters , and the amino acid analogue of amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine), a psychostimulant and monoamine releasing agent .
AMPA activates AMPA receptors that are non-selective cationic channels allowing the passage of Na + and K + and therefore have an equilibrium potential near 0 mV. AMPA was first synthesized, along with several other ibotenic acid derivatives, by Krogsgaard-Larsen, Honoré, and others toward differentiating glutamate sensitive receptors from ...
Ampakines or AMPAkines are a subgroup of AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators with a benzamide or closely related chemical structure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are also known as "CX compounds". [ 1 ] Ampakines take their name from the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor with which the ampakines interact and act as ...
[1] [2] Related drugs include diazoxide, hydrochlorothiazide, and chlorothiazide. [ 3 ] In 1993, it was discovered that cyclothiazide is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA and kainate receptors , capable of reducing or essentially eliminating rapid desensitization of the former receptor, and potentiating AMPA-mediated glutamate ...
CX-516, one of the earliest and a prototypical AMPAR PAM.It is a low-impact AMPAR PAM. Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632), a newer and high-impact AMPAR PAM.. AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators are positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the AMPA receptor (AMPR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor which mediates most fast synaptic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant. [4] Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor, although this action is very weak and its clinical effects may not necessarily be mediated by this action. [22]
An excitatory amino acid receptor agonist, or glutamate receptor agonist, is a chemical substance which agonizes one or more of the glutamate receptors. [1] Examples include: AMPA; Glutamic acid; Ibotenic acid; Kainic acid; N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid; Quisqualic acid