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Croesus learned of the sudden Persian uprising and defeat of his longtime rivals, the Medes. He attempted to use these set of events to expand his borders upon the eastern frontier of Lydia, by making an alliance with Chaldea, Egypt and several Greek city-states, including Sparta . [ 4 ]
Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) [18] [19] Gyges died in battle c.644 BCE, fighting against the Cimmerians, and was succeeded by Ardys. [9] The most successful king was Alyattes, under whom Lydia reached its peak of power and prosperity. [20] Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra.
Astyages succeeded his father in 585 BCE, following the Battle of Halys, which ended a five-year war between the Lydians and the Medes. He inherited a large empire, ruled in alliance with his two brothers-in-law, Croesus of Lydia and Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon , whose wife, Amytis , Astyages' sister, was the queen for whom Nebuchadnezzar was ...
Croesus (/ ˈ k r iː s ə s / KREE-səs; Phrygian: Akriaewais; [1] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC [2]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. [3] [2] According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years.
The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire.Cyrus, after he had pursued Croesus into Lydia after the drawn Battle of Pteria, met the remains of Croesus' partially-disbanded army in battle on the plain north of Sardis in December 547 BC.
Portrait of Croesus, last King of Lydia, Attic red-figure amphora, painted c. 500–490 BCE.. Material in the way of historical accounts of themselves found to date is scarce; the knowledge on Lydians largely rely on the impressed but mixed accounts of ancient Greek writers.
The Nabonidus Chronicle, an ancient Babylonian document now on display at the British Museum. The date of this conflict is somewhat problematic. As seen in the Cylinder of Sippar, the conflict began in the third year of Nabonidus' reign, which is in 553 BCE, and the Nabonidus Chronicle seems to date the defeat of Media in the sixth year of Nabonidus (i.e., 550 BCE). [2]
The Medes reappeared on the scene in 610 BCE, when they joined the Babylonians for an assault on Harran. Faced with the formidable alliance, the Assyrians and their Egyptian allies abandoned Harran, which was captured. After that, the Medes then departed for the last time [42] and we know of their activities largely from classical sources. [44]
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