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Funding bias, also known as sponsorship bias, funding outcome bias, funding publication bias, and funding effect, is a tendency of a scientific study to support the interests of the study's financial sponsor. This phenomenon is recognized sufficiently that researchers undertake studies to examine bias in past published studies.
In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention[al] negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist", and in Sweden as "intention[al] distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or ...
A King's College (London) internal investigation showed research findings from one of their researchers to be 'at best unreliable, and in many cases spurious' [53] but the college took no action, such as retracting relevant published research or preventing further episodes from occurring.
Sponsors of a study may involve themselves in the design, execution, analysis, and write-up of a study. In extreme cases, they may carry out the research and ghostwrite the article with almost no involvement from the nominal author. [55] [54] Movie-style credits are advocated as a way to avoid this. [53]
The publication or nonpublication of research findings, depending on the nature and direction of the results. Although medical writers have acknowledged the problem of reporting biases for over a century, [12] it was not until the second half of the 20th century that researchers began to investigate the sources and size of the problem of reporting biases.
Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1]
"Why Most Published Research Findings Are False" is a 2005 essay written by John Ioannidis, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, and published in PLOS Medicine. [1] It is considered foundational to the field of metascience .
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False; Usage on he.wikipedia.org משבר השחזור; Usage on it.wikipedia.org Crisi della replicazione; Usage on ja.wikipedia.org ジョン・P・A・ヨアニディス; Usage on pt.wikipedia.org Crise de replicação; Usage on www.wikidata.org Q21092395; Q25303778; Usage on zh.wikipedia.org 元科学