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The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies.
Sun|trek website An educational resource for teachers and students about the Sun and its effect on the Earth; Tools to display the current sunspot number in a browser Propfire – displays current sunspot number in browser status bar; HamLinks Toolbar – displays solar flux, A Index and K Index data in a toolbar; The Sharpest View of the Sun
Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10 7) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10 −6) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is 5.2 AU from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is 30 AU ...
The sun may too bright and too powerful for us to look at with the naked eye, even from nearly 92 million miles away on Earth, but a solar orbiter recently got an unprecedented up-close glimpse of ...
The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 of the solar radius (139,000 km; 86,000 mi). [1] It is the hottest part of the Sun and of the Solar System . It has a density of 150,000 kg/m 3 (150 g/cm 3 ) at the center, and a temperature of 15 million kelvins (15 million degrees Celsius; 27 million degrees Fahrenheit).
This combination of circumstances produces an outer convection zone, the top of which is visible in the Sun as solar granulation. Low-mass main-sequence stars, such as red dwarfs below 0.35 solar masses, [3] as well as pre-main sequence stars on the Hayashi track, are convective throughout and do not contain a radiation zone. [4]
In the spectral class label, G2 indicates its surface temperature, of approximately 5770 K ( the UAI will accept in 2014 5772 K) and V indicates that the Sun, like most stars, is a main-sequence star, and thus generates its energy via fusing hydrogen into helium. In its core, the Sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second.
Sun's habitable zone moves outside of the Earth's orbit, possibly shifting onto Mars's orbit. [120] 7 billion years 2.4 billion years in the future The Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy begin to collide. Slight chance the Solar System could be captured by Andromeda before the two galaxies fuse completely. [137] Post–main sequence