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Benzyl isothiocyanate, and other isothiocyanates in general, were found to be protective against pancreatic carcinogenesis in vitro [3] via expression of the p21/WAF1 gene. [4] A recent published study showed its restraining impact on obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity mouse model.
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
The main complication with this route is the competing formation of alkyisothiocyanates. "SN1-type" substrates (e.g., benzyl halides) tend to give the isothiocyanate derivatives. Some organic thiocyanates are generated by cyanation of some organosulfur compounds.
Levothyroxine has a half-life of 7.5 days when taken daily, so about six weeks is required for it to reach a steady level in the blood. [5] Side effects from excessive doses include weight loss, trouble tolerating heat, sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping, tremor, and fast heart rate. [5]
In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is a functional group as found in compounds with the formula R−N=C=S. Isothiocyanates are the more common isomers of thiocyanates , which have the formula R−S−C≡N .
Liothyronine may be used when there is an impaired conversion of T 4 to T 3 in peripheral tissues. [2] The dose of liothyronine for hypothyroidism is a lower amount than levothyroxine due it being a higher concentrated synthetic medication. [2] About 25 μg of liothyronine is equivalent to 100 μg of levothyroxine. [3]
The natural role of glucosinolates are as plant defense compounds. The enzyme myrosinase removes the glucose group in glucotropaeolin to give an intermediate which spontaneously rearranges to benzyl isothiocyanate. This is a reactive material which is toxic to many insect predators and its production is triggered when the plant is damaged. [6]
The use of glucosinolate-containing crops as primary food source for animals can have negative effects if the concentration of glucosinolate is higher than what is acceptable for the animal in question, because some glucosinolates have been shown to have toxic effects (mainly as goitrogens and anti-thyroid agents) in livestock at high doses. [13]