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The abnormal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin D. [3] People with Hemoglobin D trait do not have health problems related to having the trait. People with hemoglobin D trait do not have Hemoglobin D disease or sickle cell disease. They cannot develop these diseases later in life. While Hemoglobin D can be detected without a DNA test, one is needed ...
Hemoglobin D (HbD) is a variant of hemoglobin, a protein complex that makes up red blood cells.Based on the locations of the original identification, it has been known by several names such as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, hemoglobin D-Punjab, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago. [2]
Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen:
The urine test strip test for blood is based on hemoglobin's pseudo peroxidase activity in catalysing a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine in order to produce a dark blue oxidation product. [6] [13] the resultant colour can vary between green and dark blue depending on the amount of hemoglobin. [13]
[57] [58] Not all bacteria that cause UTIs produce nitrite, and because it takes time for the chemical reaction to occur, the test is best performed on urine that has been in the bladder overnight. [59] A diet low in vegetables can lead to low nitrate levels in the urine, meaning that nitrites cannot be produced. [50]
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]
Indirect DL test with addition of ABO-compatible P antigen-positive blood can be performed in case the direct DL test is negative, since the complement in the original serum may be consumed and result in false negative. [1] The laboratory tests comprise complete blood count and peripheral blood smear. [3]