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Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is both the largest and the second least populous union territory of India. [22]
Jammu and Kashmir had three distinct areas: Hindu-majority Jammu region, Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley, and Buddhist-dominated Ladakh. [27] Unrest and violence persisted in the Kashmiri Valley and, following a disputed state election in 1987 , an insurgency persisted in protest over autonomy and rights.
Leh (/ ˈ l eɪ /) [2] is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region. [3] It is the largest city and the joint capital of Ladakh. [4] It is the capital of Ladakh since the Medieval Period. [4] Leh, located in the Leh district, was also the historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh.
This was the period in which Ladakh underwent Tibetanization, eventually making Ladakh a country inhabited by a mixed population, the predominant racial strain of which was Tibetan. However, soon after the conquest, the dynasty, intent on establishing Buddhism, looked not to Tibet, but to north-west India, particularly Kashmir.
India has control of about half the area of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, which comprises Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, while Pakistan controls a third of the region, divided into two provinces, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are administered by India as union territories.
In August 2019, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed by both houses of the Indian Parliament. The provisions contained in the bill reorganised the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) and Ladakh with effect from 31 October 2019.
The Indian union territory of Ladakh consists of two districts, with the intention to create 5 new districts announced on 26th August 2024. [1] Each district elects an autonomous district council. Until 31 October 2019, the districts of Kargil and Leh were part of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Kargil / ˈ k ɑːr ɡ ɪ l / or Kargyil [4] [5] is a town in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region. [1] It is the joint capital of Ladakh, an Indian-administered union territory. It is also the headquarters of the Kargil district. It is the second-largest urban centre in Ladakh after Leh. [6]