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Used to prevent stand-alone execution of a script file intended for execution in a specific context, such as by the . command from sh/bash, source from csh/tcsh, or as a .profile, .cshrc, or .login file. Shebang lines may include specific options that are passed to the interpreter.
Directory Description / Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system hierarchy. /bin: Essential command binaries that need to be available in single-user mode, including to bring up the system or repair it, [3] for all users (e.g., cat, ls, cp).
The inode (index node) is a data structure in a Unix-style file system that describes a file-system object such as a file or a directory. Each inode stores the attributes and disk block locations of the object's data. [1] File-system object attributes may include metadata (times of last change, [2] access, modification), as well as owner and ...
IF is a conditional statement, that allows branching of the program execution. It evaluates the specified condition, and only if it is true, then it executes the remainder of the command line. Otherwise, it skips the remainder of the line and continues with next command line. Used in Batch files. The command is available in MS-DOS versions 2 ...
In computing, a directory is a file system cataloging structure which contains references to other computer files, and possibly other directories. On many computers, directories are known as folders , or drawers , [ 1 ] analogous to a workbench or the traditional office filing cabinet .
The most common special file is the directory. The layout of a directory file is defined by the filesystem used. As several filesystems are available under Unix, both native and non-native, there is no one directory file layout. A directory is marked with a d as the first letter in the mode field in the output of ls -dl [5] or stat, e.g.
Most file systems store the names of all the files in one directory in one place—the directory table for that directory—which is often stored like any other file. Many file systems put only some of the metadata for a file in the directory table, and the rest of the metadata for that file in a completely separate structure, such as the inode.
FCBs were thus superseded by file handles, as used on UNIX and its derivatives. [3] File handles are simply consecutive integer numbers associated with specific open files. If a program uses the newer file handle API to open a file, the operating system will manage its internal data structure associated with that file in its own memory area.