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A Geiger counter (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ ɡ ər /, GY-gər; [1] also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It is widely used in applications such as radiation dosimetry , radiological protection , experimental physics and the nuclear industry .
The continuous current ion chamber instrument can easily measure dose but cannot measure counts. However the Geiger counter can measure counts but not the energy of the radiation, so a technique known as energy compensation of the detector tube is used to produce a dose reading. This modifies the tube characteristic so each count resulting from ...
Schematic of a Geiger counter using an "end window" tube for low penetration radiation. A loudspeaker is also used for indication. Proportional counters and end-window Geiger-Muller tubes have a very high efficiency for all ionising particles that reach the fill gas.
Scientists invented the Geiger counter, which measures radioactivity, while working on experiments to prove that the center of an atom contains a nucleus.
The readout for alpha and beta radiation is normally in counts, whilst that for gamma and X-ray is normally in a reading of radiation dose. The SI unit for this latter is the sievert . There is no simple universal conversion from count rate to dose rate, as it depends on the particle type, its energy, and the characteristic of the sensor.
Geiger counter is a colloquial name for any hand-held radiation measuring device in civil defense, but most civil defense devices were ion-chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event.
An example of the Victoreen CD V-700 geiger counter with strap and headphones. The thin sidewall Geiger-Mueller (GM) tube enclosed within the brass probe body detects beta radiation and gamma radiation with the detecting probe's beta shield open, or gamma only when the shield is closed. The brass body of the probe has an energy-compensation ...
The company is based in Sweetwater, Texas and was founded in 1962 by Don Ludlum (1932-2015) who had previously worked for Eberline, another manufacturer of radiation detectors. [1] Geiger counters manufactured by the company are recognized as a standard reference instrument in the fields of occupational safety where exposure to ionizing ...
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