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Miscarriage rates among all fertilized zygotes are around 30% to 50%. [1] [7] [60] [123] A 2012 review found the risk of miscarriage between 5 and 20 weeks from 11% to 22%. [157] Up to the 13th week of pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage each week was around 2%, dropping to 1% in week 14 and reducing slowly between 14 and 20 weeks. [157]
Dilation and evacuation can be offered for the management of second trimester miscarriage if skilled providers are available. [6] Some women choose D&E over labor induction for a second trimester loss because it can be a scheduled surgical procedure, offering predictability over labor induction, or because they find it emotionally easier than undergoing labor and delivery.
It begins between the 4 and 8 weeks of pregnancy and usually subsides by 14 to 16 weeks. The exact cause of nausea is not fully understood but it correlates with the rise in the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin , progesterone , and the resulting relaxation of smooth muscle of the stomach.
Use of aspirin before 16 weeks of pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia also appears effective at preventing antepartum bleeding. [ 4 ] In regard to treatment, it should be considered a medical emergency (regardless of whether there is pain ), as if it is left untreated it can lead to death of the mother or baby .
If the fetus is less than 36 weeks, and neither mother or fetus are in any distress, then they may simply be monitored in hospital until a change in condition or fetal maturity whichever comes first. [citation needed] Immediate delivery of the fetus may be indicated if the fetus is mature or if the fetus or mother is in distress.
In delayed miscarriage (also called missed abortion), the Royal Women's Hospital recommendations of management depend on the findings in ultrasonography: [11] Gestational sac greater than 30-35mm, embryo larger than ~25mm (corresponding to 9+0 weeks of gestational age): Surgery is recommended. It poses a high risk of pain and bleeding with ...
A second blood screen at 15 to 20 weeks refines the risk more accurately. [13] The cost is higher than an "AFP-quad" screen due to the ultrasound and second blood test, but it is quoted to have a 93% pick up rate as opposed to 88% for the standard AFP/QS. This is an evolving standard of care in the United States. [14] [15] [16] Down syndrome ...
Postterm – ≥ 42 weeks + 0 days of gestation (> 293 days from the first day of last menstrual period, or > 13 days from the estimated due date) Late term – 41 weeks + 0 days to 41 weeks + 6 days of gestation; Full term – 39 weeks + 0 days to 40 weeks + 6 days of gestation; Early term – 37 weeks + 0 days to 38 weeks + 6 days of gestation