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The ionization rate is the total probability current through the outer ... the amount of research on the prediction of the rate of MPI of neutral molecules was scarce ...
Figure b describes the exchange process. Kuchiev's model, contrary to Corkum's model, does not predict any threshold intensity for the occurrence of NS ionization. Kuchiev did not include the Coulomb effects on the dynamics of the ionized electron. This resulted in the underestimation of the double ionization rate by a huge factor.
The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...
Excited-state ionization energies can be measured by photoelectron spectroscopy. For H 2 O, the near-Hartree–Fock orbital energies (with sign changed) of these orbitals are 1a 1 559.5, 2a 1 36.7 1b 2 19.5, 3a 1 15.9 and 1b 1 13.8 eV. The corresponding ionization energies are 539.7, 32.2, 18.5, 14.7 and 12.6 eV. [10]
The sample ion current (I +) is the measure of the ionization rate. This can be enhanced by manipulation of the ion extraction efficiency (β), the total ionizing cross section (Q i), the effective ionizing path length (L), the concentration of the sample molecules([N]) and the ionizing current (I e). The equation can be shown as follows:
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The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]
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