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The siege of Mekelle, sometimes known as the battle of Mekelle, took place in January 1896 during the First Italo-Ethiopian War.Italian forces surrendered a partially completed fort at Mekelle, a city in the northern Tigray Region of Ethiopia which they had occupied since 1895, to Ethiopian forces.
The Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 was an undeclared war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire occurring during the Italian colonization of Eritrea.The conflict ended with a treaty of friendship, which delimited the border between Ethiopia and Italian Eritrea but contained clauses whose different interpretations led to another Italo-Ethiopian war.
The Treaty of Addis Ababa, signed on 23 October 1896, formally ended the First Italo-Ethiopian War on terms mostly favourable to Ethiopia.This treaty superseded a secret agreement between Ethiopia and Italy negotiated days after the decisive Battle of Adwa in March of the same year, in which Ethiopian forces commanded by Menelik II defeated the Italians. [1]
Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia - from 1855 to 1974, Eastern African Studies, (2nd ed. 1999), London, 1991, page 244 Haggai Erlich, Ras Alula and the cramble for Africa - A political biography: Ethiopia & Eritrea 1875-1897 , First Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville (NJ), Asmara, 1996, 223 p.
Years later, the disputed Treaty of Wuchale led to the First Italo-Ethiopian War between 1894 and 1896, where the Ethiopians (supported by Russia and France) successfully fought off European expansion. The peace of Addis Ababa after the defeat of the Italian troops in Adua in 1896, was the beginning of the Ethiopian independence.
On 5 October, the I Corps took Adigrat and, by 6 October 1935, Adwa [4] was captured by the II Corps. In 1896, Adwa was the site of a humiliating Italian defeat during the First Italo–Ethiopian War and now that historic defeat was "avenged".
Beginning of the Dervish war in response to Ethiopian expansion into the Ogaden; Centralization of Ethiopia in Shewa; Founding of Addis Ababa in 1897. First Italo-Ethiopian War (1896) Ethiopia Italy: Victory. Ethiopia retains independence; Italians defeated; Dervish War (1900–1920)
Italians felt that the battle of Dogali was an insult to be avenged, and started to attack Ethiopia for revenge. They were able to occupy Eritrea in 1887–89 , although they failed in the occupation of the remaining Ethiopian territory in the First Italo-Ethiopian War .