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The expression can be traced back to 1615, when it first appears in a book by Johannes Kepler as the Latin: annus aerae nostrae vulgaris (year of our common era), [3] [4] and to 1635 in English as "Vulgar Era". [a] The term "Common Era" can be found in English as early as 1708, [5] and became more widely used in the mid-19th century by Jewish ...
Ancient history – Aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era. The span of recorded history is roughly five thousand years, beginning with the earliest linguistic records in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt .
The Old and New Testament connected in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations (1715–17) [10] was a significant work, of which many editions were brought out; it drew on James Ussher. [2] It was among the earliest English works to use the term Vulgar Era, [11] [12] though Kepler used the term as early as 1635. [13]
In a 1716 book by English Bishop John Prideaux, we find, “The vulgar era, by which we now compute the years from his incarnation.” In 1835, in his book Living Oracles, Alexander Campbell, wrote “The vulgar Era, or Anno Domini; the fourth year of Jesus Christ, the first of which was but eight days.”
The terms anno Domini, Dionysian era, Christian era, vulgar era, and common era were used interchangeably between the Renaissance and the 19th century, at least in Latin. But vulgar era fell out of use in English at the beginning of the 20th century after vulgar acquired the meaning of "offensively coarse", replacing its original meaning of ...
Ismaël Bullialdus accepted elliptical orbits but replaced Kepler's area law with uniform motion in respect to the empty focus of the ellipse, while Seth Ward used an elliptical orbit with motions defined by an equant. [109] [110] [111] Several astronomers tested Kepler's theory, and its various modifications, against astronomical observations.
The term has been around in Black American communities since the 1990s, appearing as early as 1992 on "It Was a Good Day" by Ice Cube, who raps: "No flexin', didn't even look in a n----'s direction."
The "Common/Current Era" ("CE") terminology is often preferred by those who desire a term that does not explicitly make religious references but still uses the same epoch as the anno Domini notation. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] For example, Cunningham and Starr (1998) write that "B.C.E./C.E. […] do not presuppose faith in Christ and hence are more ...