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The mass spectrometry analysis, however, takes place at high vacuum condition. Therefore, ions entering the mass spectrometer, first go through a source - to - analyzer interface (vacuum interface), which was designed in order to bridge the atmospheric pressure region to the mass spectrometer vacuum. It also minimizes spectrometer contamination.
This allows the generation of stable cold plasma even in ambient air. In the simplest application, ambient air can be directly analyzed. Ionization in flow enables high ion transmission since ion loss is significantly reduced compared to the most commonly used spraying methods in mass spectrometry (cf. ESI, APCI). Consequently, this leads to an ...
In the late 1970s an APCI mass spectrometer system (the TAGA, for Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer), mounted in a van for mobile operation, was introduced by SCIEX, [19] [20] providing high sensitivity for monitoring polar organics in ambient air in real time. In 1981 a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer version was produced, allowing real-time ...
Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is a soft ionization method used in mass spectrometry (MS) usually coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). Molecules are ionized using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source operating at atmospheric pressure (105 Pa), either by direct absorption followed by electron ejection or through ionization of a ...
Although atmospheric pressure MALDI is performed under ambient conditions, [15] it is not generally considered to be an ambient mass spectrometry technique. [16] [17] Laser ablation was first coupled with mass spectrometry in the 1980s for the analysis of metals using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). [18]
The measurement of pH can become difficult at extremely acidic or alkaline conditions, such as below pH 2.5 (ca. 0.003 mol/dm 3 acid) or above pH 10.5 (above ca. 0.0003 mol/dm 3 alkaline). This is due to the breakdown of the Nernst equation in such conditions when using a glass electrode.
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Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.