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The eruption was fed by a 5.5 km (3 mi) long and north west-west (N135°) trending fissure along which 21 individual vents have been found. These vents produced an output of about 0.25 km 3 DRE both in form of lava flows and tephra. The eruption began in a sub-plinian style creating a column of volcanic gas, pyroclasts and ash about 8 km in ...
Image of the rhyolitic lava dome of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008–2010 eruption.. Chaitén is a volcanic caldera 3 kilometres (2 mi) in diameter, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of the elongated ice-capped Michinmahuida volcano and 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of the town of Chaitén, near the Gulf of Corcovado in southern Chile.
The country's National Geology and Mining Service lists 90 active volcanoes. [2] The volcanoes of the Andes originate from the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate, while the volcanoes of Chile's Pacific islands formed from magma coming from three distinct hotspots, Easter, Juan Fernández and San Felix hotspots. The ...
The Apacheta-Aguilucho volcanic complex lies in northern Chile, close to the border with Bolivia. [3] The city of Calama lies 105 kilometres (65 mi) [4]-120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Apacheta-Aguilucho and El Tatio is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-southwest, but with the exception of geothermal power [2] and mining-associated infrastructure the area is remote and uninhabited. [3]
The eruption is the second-largest historic volcanic eruption in Chile, only behind the 1932 Quizapu eruption. [25] With a volcanic explosivity index of 5, [160] it is one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. [21] It formed a 12-kilometre-high (7.5 mi) eruption column and pyroclastic flows within the caldera. [161]
The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Rainfall plus melted snow and glacier ice can cause massive lahars (mud and debris flows), such as during the eruptions of 1964 and 1971. Villarrica is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project.
The eruption poured over 17 million tons of the gas into the atmosphere and led to a global temperature decrease of around 0.5 degrees Celsius (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit) that lasted about a year ...
In July 1995, the Soufrière Hills volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat spews ash over the island. The nearby capital of Plymouth is evacuated. Two years on, Soufrière Hills erupts violently. Pyroclastic flows rage down the mountain and destroy Plymouth and Bramble Airport, killing 19 people. The eruption generates a small tsunami.