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  2. Double dabble - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_dabble

    In computer science, the double dabble algorithm is used to convert binary numbers into binary-coded decimal (BCD) notation. [1] [2] It is also known as the shift-and-add-3 algorithm, and can be implemented using a small number of gates in computer hardware, but at the expense of high latency. [3]

  3. Model K (calculator) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_K_(calculator)

    The Model K was an early 2-bit binary adder built in 1937 by Bell Labs scientist George Stibitz as a proof of concept, using scrap relays and metal strips from a tin can. The "K" in "Model K" came from "kitchen table", upon which he assembled it. [1] [2] [3] [4]

  4. Z1 (computer) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z1_(computer)

    The Z1 was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by German inventor Konrad Zuse from 1936 to 1937, which he built in his parents' home from 1936 to 1938. [1] [2] It was a binary, electrically driven, mechanical calculator, with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched celluloid film.

  5. Binary-coded decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal

    This scheme can also be referred to as Simple Binary-Coded Decimal (SBCD) or BCD 8421, and is the most common encoding. [12] Others include the so-called "4221" and "7421" encoding – named after the weighting used for the bits – and "Excess-3". [13]

  6. HP-42S - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-42S

    Base conversion, integer arithmetic and binary and logic manipulation of numbers in binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems; Catalogs for reviewing and using items stored in memory; Programmability (keystroke programming with branching, loops, tests and flags) The ability to run programs written for the HP-41C series of calculators

  7. Harvard Mark I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Mark_I

    A project conceived by Harvard University’s Dr. Howard Aiken, the Mark I was built by IBM engineers in Endicott, N.Y. A steel frame 51 feet long and 8 feet high held the calculator, which consisted of an interlocking panel of small gears, counters, switches and control circuits, all only a few inches in depth.

  8. Excess-3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess-3

    Excess-3, 3-excess [1] [2] [3] or 10-excess-3 binary code (often abbreviated as XS-3, [4] 3XS [1] or X3 [5] [6]), shifted binary [7] or Stibitz code [1] [2] [8] [9] (after George Stibitz, [10] who built a relay-based adding machine in 1937 [11] [12]) is a self-complementary binary-coded decimal (BCD) code and numeral system. It is a biased ...

  9. Booth's multiplication algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booth's_multiplication...

    Booth's algorithm can be implemented by repeatedly adding (with ordinary unsigned binary addition) one of two predetermined values A and S to a product P, then performing a rightward arithmetic shift on P. Let m and r be the multiplicand and multiplier, respectively; and let x and y represent the number of bits in m and r.