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This was proved by Leonhard Euler in 1737, [1] and strengthens Euclid's 3rd-century-BC result that there are infinitely many prime numbers and Nicole Oresme's 14th-century proof of the divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the integers (harmonic series).
The sum of the reciprocals of the primes of the form 4n + 1 is divergent. By Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares , it follows that the sum of reciprocals of numbers of the form a 2 + b 2 , {\displaystyle \ a^{2}+b^{2}\ ,} where a and b are non-negative integers, not both equal to 0 , diverges, with or without repetition.
Because it is a divergent series, it should be interpreted as a formal sum, an abstract mathematical expression combining the unit fractions, rather than as something that can be evaluated to a numeric value. There are many different proofs of the divergence of the harmonic series, surveyed in a 2006 paper by S. J. Kifowit and T. A. Stamps. [13]
A prime p (where p ≠ 2, 5 when working in base 10) is called unique if there is no other prime q such that the period length of the decimal expansion of its reciprocal, 1/p, is equal to the period length of the reciprocal of q, 1/q. [8]
Prime number theorem; ... Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes; V. Vantieghems theorem; Vinogradov's theorem; W. Wilson's theorem; Wolstenholme's ...
1 Properties. 2 Analysis. ... the prime zeta function is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function, ... Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes; References
In the limit, the sum of the reciprocals of the primes < n and the function ln(ln n) are separated by a constant, the Meissel–Mertens constant (labelled M above). The Meissel–Mertens constant (named after Ernst Meissel and Franz Mertens), also referred to as the Mertens constant, Kronecker's constant (after Leopold Kronecker), Hadamard–de la Vallée-Poussin constant (after Jacques ...
so that divergence is clear given the double-logarithmic divergence of the inverse prime series. (Note that Euler's original proof for inverse prime series used just the converse direction to prove the divergence of the inverse prime series based on that of the Euler product and the harmonic series.)