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In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. [1] [2] Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning.
With the advancement of neural networks in natural language processing, it became less common to use FST for morphological analysis, especially for languages for which there is a lot of available training data. For such languages, it is possible to build character-level language models without explicit use of a morphological parser. [1]
In 2019, the OntoLex-Morph module has been proposed to facilitate data modelling of morphology in lexicography, as well as to provide a data model for morphological dictionaries for Natural Language Processing. [9] OntoLex-Morph does support both aligned and non-aligned morphological dictionaries.
In natural language processing for Japanese, Chinese, and other languages, morphological analysis is the process of segmenting a sentence into a row of morphemes. Morphological analysis is closely related to part-of-speech tagging , but word segmentation is required for those languages because word boundaries are not indicated by blank spaces.
Derivational morphology often involves the addition of a derivational suffix or other affix. Such an affix usually applies to words of one lexical category (part of speech) and changes them into words of another such category. For example, one effect of the English derivational suffix -ly is to change an adjective into an adverb (slow → slowly).
In the context of an inflecting language, an inflectional morphological pattern is not the explicit list of inflected forms. A morphological pattern usually references a prototypical class of inflectional forms, e.g. ring as per sing .
Analysis of morphology (biology), the form and structure of organisms and their specific features; Mathematical morphology, a theory and technique for analysis and processing of images and geometrical structures; Morphological dictionary, a computational linguistic resource that contains correspondences between surface form and lexical forms of ...
Morphological typology is a way of classifying the languages of the world that groups languages according to their common morphological structures. The field organizes languages on the basis of how those languages form words by combining morphemes.