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French polishing a table. French polishing is a wood finishing technique that results in a very high gloss surface, with a deep colour and chatoyancy.French polishing consists of applying many thin coats of shellac dissolved in denatured alcohol using a rubbing pad lubricated with one of a variety of oils.
Wood finishing is one of the most traditional and still popular uses of shellac mixed with solvents or alcohol. This dissolved shellac liquid, applied to a piece of wood, is an evaporative finish: the alcohol of the shellac mixture evaporates, leaving behind a protective film. [39] Shellac as wood finish is natural and non-toxic in its pure form.
Wood finishing starts with sanding either by hand, typically using a sanding block or power sander, scraping, or planing. Imperfections or nail holes on the surface may be filled using wood putty or pores may be filled using wood filler. Often, the wood's color is changed by staining, bleaching, or any of a number of other techniques.
A grain filler (pore filler or paste wood filler) is a woodworking product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish by filling pores in the wood grain.It is used particularly on open grained woods such as oak, mahogany and walnut where building up multiple layers of standard wood finish is ineffective or impractical.
In addition to the grain, quartersawn wood (particularly oak) will also often display a pattern of medullary rays, seen as subtle wavy ribbon-like patterns across the straight grain. [6] Medullary rays grow in a radial fashion in the living tree, so while flat-sawing would cut across the rays, quarter-sawing puts them on the face of the board.
Ammonia fuming is a wood finishing process that darkens wood and brings out the grain pattern. It consists of exposing the wood to fumes from a strong aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide which reacts with the tannins in the wood. The process works best on white oak because of the high tannin content of this wood.
Person using wood putty to construct a pinewood derby car, 2011 Wood putty , also called plastic wood , is a substance used to fill imperfections, such as nail holes, in wood prior to finishing . It is often composed of wood dust combined with a binder that dries and a diluent (thinner), and, sometimes, pigment .
Graining is the art of imitating the different types of natural wood grain. It ranges from simple Clair Bois to intricate English Walnut . The panelling of the great chamber of Theobalds House in England, used by James VI and I , was decorated in "walnut tree colour" in 1618 with highlighted mouldings in black and gold.