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All non-summary offences are indictable: the available penalties are greater for indictable offences than for summary offences. These in turn may be divided into three categories: 1. Very serious indictable-only offences including treason and murder (section 235) [2] that are listed in section 469 of the Criminal Code. [2]
The Melbourne Magistrates' Court.In Victoria, Australia, all summary offences are heard in the Magistrates' Court. A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, [1] [2] [3] without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence).
The first section outlines conflicts that happened in what is now Canada before its confederation in 1867. It includes notable events like the Battle of Vinland, Beaver Wars, Acadian Civil War, and various Anglo-Dutch Wars, highlighting the belligerents involved and the outcomes.
In addition, unless waived by the court, the defendant is required to pay a victim fine surcharge in addition to whatever else the judge imposes as sentence. The surcharge is 30% of the fine imposed or, if no fine is imposed, $100 for an indictable offence and $50 for an offence punishable on summary conviction.
In many common law jurisdictions (e.g. England and Wales, Ireland, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore), an indictable offence is an offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury (in contrast to a summary offence).
MacDonald, John A. Troublous Times in Canada, A History of the Fenian Raids of 1866 and 1870. 1910; Ó Cathaoir, Brendan. "The Fenian raids on Canada: a postscript to Irish involvement in the American Civil War." Studia Hibernica 41 (2015): 109–132. online Archived 2020-06-28 at the Wayback Machine; Senior, H. (1996).
Hybrid offences can either be summary offences (minor crimes) or indictable offences (major crimes). [1] For most indictable offences, a person has the right to trial by jury. A hybrid offence is the most common type of charge in Canada. There are three types of charges and each will affect when one can apply for a Record Suspension.
Canadian Civil War may refer to: Canada and the American Civil War the events in the colonies of British North America during the U.S. civil war (1861–65). The rebellions of 1837–1838, two armed uprisings in what are now Quebec and Ontario; Canadian Civil War, a board game by Simulations Publications, Inc.