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Python added support for async/await with version 3.5 in 2015 [9] adding 2 new keywords, async and await. TypeScript added support for async/await with version 1.7 in 2015. [10] JavaScript added support for async/await in 2017 as part of ECMAScript 2017 JavaScript edition.
The terms future, promise, delay, and deferred are often used interchangeably, although some differences in usage between future and promise are treated below. Specifically, when usage is distinguished, a future is a read-only placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets the value of the ...
Many dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, Lua, Python, Perl [1] [2] and PHP, allow a function object to be passed. CLI languages such as C# and VB.NET provide a type-safe encapsulating function reference known as delegate. Events and event handlers, as used in .NET languages, provide for callbacks.
ReactiveX (Rx, also known as Reactive Extensions) is a software library originally created by Microsoft that allows imperative programming languages to operate on sequences of data regardless of whether the data is synchronous or asynchronous. It provides a set of sequence operators that operate on each item in the sequence.
E—uses promises to preclude deadlocks; ECMAScript—uses promises for asynchronous operations; Eiffel—through its SCOOP mechanism based on the concepts of Design by Contract; Elixir—dynamic and functional meta-programming aware language running on the Erlang VM. Erlang—uses synchronous or asynchronous message passing with no shared memory
SignalR also provides a simple, high-level API for doing server-to-client RPC (call JavaScript functions in a client's browser from server-side .NET code) in an ASP.NET application, as well as adding useful hooks for management, such as connect/disconnect events, grouping connections, authorization.
It appeared as XMLHTTP in the second version of the MSXML library, [4] [5] which shipped with Internet Explorer 5.0 in March 1999. [ 6 ] The functionality of the Windows XMLHTTP ActiveX control in IE 5 was later implemented by Mozilla Firefox , Safari , Opera , Google Chrome , and other browsers as the XMLHttpRequest JavaScript object. [ 7 ]
CommonJS's specification of how modules should work is widely used today for server-side JavaScript with Node.js. [1] It is also used for browser-side JavaScript, but that code must be packaged with a transpiler since browsers don't support CommonJS. [1]