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Reparations were intended for reconstruction and compensating families who had been bereaved by the war. [14] The opening article of the reparation section of the Treaty of Versailles, Article 231, served as a legal basis for the following articles, which obliged Germany to pay compensation [22] and limited German responsibility to civilian ...
Reparations are broadly understood as compensation given for an abuse or injury. [1] The colloquial meaning of reparations has changed substantively over the last century. In the early 1900s, reparations were interstate exchanges (see war reparations) that were punitive mechanisms determined by treaty and paid by the surrendering side of a conflict, such as the World War I reparations paid by ...
Reparations for slavery applies the UN reparations framework to the human rights violations of U.S. chattel slavery and its legacies for victims of slavery and/or their descendants. There are concepts for reparations in legal philosophy and reparations in transitional justice. Reparations can take many forms, including practical and financial ...
Reparation (legal), the legal philosophy Reparations (transitional justice) , measures taken by the state to redress gross and systematic violations of human rights law or humanitarian law Reparations for slavery , proposed compensation for the Atlantic slave trade, to assist the descendants of enslaved peoples
Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1350010604. Brophy, Alfred L. Reparations: Pro & Con. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Brooks, Roy L. Atonement and Forgiveness: A New Model for Black Reparations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
The stated mission of the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America is: ...to win full Reparations for Black African Descendants residing in the United States and its territories for the genocidal war against Africans that created the TransAtlantic Slave "Trade" Chattel Slavery, Jim Crow and Chattel Slavery’s continuing vestiges (the Maafa).
Viola Fletcher, 110, and Lessie Benningfield Randle, 109, are the last known survivors of one of the single worst acts of violence against Black people in U.S. history.
Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act; Long title: To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent ...