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The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
Batch reactor model, Continuous stirred-tank reactor model (CSTR), and; Plug flow reactor model (PFR). Many real-world reactors can be modeled as a combination of these basic types. Key process variables include: Residence time (τ, lower case Greek tau) Volume (V) Temperature (T) Pressure (P) Concentrations of chemical species (C 1, C 2, C 3 ...
From the general mole balance on some species , where for a CSTR steady state and perfect mixing are assumed, + = + = = Assuming a constant volumetric flow rate , which is the case for a liquid reactor or a gas phase reaction with no net generation of moles,
The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the ...
A combination of reactors is often termed a reactor structure. An example of the reactors that are considered for this theory are Continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a Plug flow reactor model (PFR). Knowledge of the AR helps to address two areas in chemical reactor design:
Schematic diagram of a plug flow reactor. The plug flow reactor model (PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical geometry.
The volume of a CSTR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area of the rectangle with height equal to and width equal to . The volume of a PFR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area under the curve of F A o − r A {\displaystyle F_{Ao} \over -r_{A}} plotted ...
Both batch and semibatch reactors are more suitable for liquid phase reactions and small scale production, because they usually require lower capital costs than a continuously stirred tank reactor operation (CSTR), but incur greater costs per unit if production needs to be scaled up. These per unit costs include labor, materials handling ...