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In total, there were between 250 and 450 nuclear warheads on Canadian bases between 1963 and 1972. There were at most 108 Genie missiles armed with 1.5 kiloton W25 warheads present from 1963 to 1984. There may have been fewer due to attrition of CF-101s as the program aged and as incoming CF-18s became combat-qualified. [24]
The nuclear warheads were formerly owned by the United States and in many cases remained in the custody of American personnel on Canadian bases, to be turned over to Canadian forces in wartime. [5] However, public opposition to nuclear weapons grew over the course of the 1960s, and with the election of Pierre Trudeau, the government took ...
Conference room at CEGHQ, former CFS Carp. Teletype terminals at CEGHQ, former CFS Carp. Organigramme. Emergency Government Headquarters is the name given for a system of nuclear fallout shelters built by the Government of Canada in the 1950s and 1960s as part of continuity of government planning at the height of the Cold War.
The anti-nuclear movement in Canada began as a part of the overall peace movement within Canada. The impetus for the anti-nuclear movement can be ascribed to the threat of nuclear arms during the Cold War, and the ineffectiveness of the United Nations in resolving the political tensions. [3]
Many women who joined the Canadian Voice of Women for Peace participated in disarmament efforts, politics and social justice work within their respective communities. [7] Throughout its first few months of activism, the Canadian Voice of Women for Peace quickly became one of the largest Canadian peace movement organizations. [3] [7]
The main purpose of the base is to allow these new vessels to patrol the breadth of Canada's arctic seas during the four-month summer season. [8] [9] The facility has two 3.75-million-litre (820,000 imp gal; 990,000 US gal) fuel tanks connected directly to the jetty by a pipeline. The base also has an unheated storage facility. [10]
The Royal Canadian Air Force established RCAF Station Val d'Or in 1954 as a fighter-interceptor base intended to protect Montreal and the St. Lawrence River valley and Great Lakes basin against Soviet bomber aircraft. The airfield was topped with asphalt by the mid-1950s as RCAF Station Val d'Or became a key component in NORAD.
Fully integrating women into the Canadian Armed Forces has not been an easy task. [23] Many of the issues still affecting female soldiers appear to be rooted in a conflict between sameness and difference. Whereas the Canadian Military has demonstrated their willingness to accommodate gender differences in some instances, this is not always the ...