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Franck-Hertz experiment with Neon resulting in glowing regions appearing. In instructional laboratories, the Franck–Hertz experiment is often done using neon gas, which shows the onset of inelastic collisions with a visible orange glow in the vacuum tube, and which also is non-toxic, should the tube be broken. With mercury tubes, the model ...
Such experiments demonstrate that particles do not form the interference pattern if one detects which slit they pass through. [71]: 73–76 According to Bohr's complementarity principle, light is neither a wave nor a stream of particles. A particular experiment can demonstrate particle behavior (passing through a definite slit) or wave behavior ...
Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
Niels Bohr obtains theoretically the value of the electron's magnetic dipole moment μ B as a consequence of his atom model; Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo independently discover the shifting and splitting of the spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of the light source in an external static electric field.
However, the later discovery of the photoelectric effect demonstrated that under different circumstances, light can behave as if it is composed of discrete particles. These seemingly contradictory discoveries made it necessary to go beyond classical physics and take into account the quantum nature of light.
Lamb–Retherford experiment discovered Lamb shift (1947), which led to the development of quantum electrodynamics. Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of the neutrino in the neutrino experiment. (1955) Claus Jönsson's double-slit experiment with electrons. (1961) The quantum Hall effect, discovered in 1980 by Klaus von ...
Physicists have found that observation of quantum phenomena by a detector or an instrument can change the measured results of this experiment. Despite the "observer effect" in the double-slit experiment being caused by the presence of an electronic detector, the experiment's results have been interpreted by some to suggest that a conscious mind ...
Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the presence of some additional local variables (called "hidden" because they are not a feature of quantum theory) to explain the behavior of particles like photons and electrons.