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The "Grade" column specifies the grade in which the kanji is taught in Elementary schools in Japan. Grade "S" means that it is taught in secondary school. The list is sorted by Japanese reading (on'yomi in katakana, then kun'yomi in hiragana), in accordance with the ordering in the official Jōyō table.
Andrew Nelson's kanji dictionary, 5,446 entries Moji: 2011: open source, cross-platform extension for using Japanese and Chinese dictionaries The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary: 1997: John H. Haig's revised edition of The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary, 7,000 entries including variants Nichi-Ran jiten: 1934
Conversely, specifying a given kanji, or spelling out a kanji word—whether the pronunciation is known or not—can be complicated, due to the fact that there is not a commonly used standard way to refer to individual kanji (one does not refer to "kanji #237"), and that a given reading does not map to a single kanji—indeed there are many ...
The Kodansha Kanji Learner's Dictionary is a kanji dictionary based on the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary by Jack Halpern at the CJK Dictionary Institute and published by Kenkyūsha. Originally published in 1999 (with a minor update in 2001), a Revised and Updated Edition was issued on 2013, reflecting the new changes in the jōyō ...
The primary change in the new version is the adoption of the traditional 214 Kangxi radicals as the dictionary's main indexing method. The dictionary also features two additional indices: the Universal Radical Index and the on-kun index. The dictionary uses rōmaji throughout. On-yomi readings of the kanji are denoted by small caps and kun-yomi ...
The result, for a person reading modern Japanese, is that Daijirin is the most likely to list the intended meaning where it can be found easily. [4] The other two Daijirin advantages are semantically "more detailed" definitions and the "unusual, though not unprecedented" kanji and reverse-dictionary index. Baroni and Bialock describe Daijirin,
While many other native Japanese words (for example, 汝 nanji archaic word for "you") with ん were once pronounced and/or written with む (mu), proper historical kana only uses む for ん in the case of the auxiliary verb, which is only used in classical Japanese, and has morphed into the volitional ~う (-u) form in modern Japanese.
On'yomi (音読み, , lit. "sound(-based) reading"), or the Sino-Japanese reading, is the reading of a kanji based on the historical Chinese pronunciation of the character. A single kanji might have multiple on'yomi pronunciations, reflecting the Chinese pronunciations of different periods or regions.
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