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Chloroplasts, containing thylakoids, visible in the cells of Ptychostomum capillare, a type of moss. A chloroplast (/ ˈ k l ɔːr ə ˌ p l æ s t,-p l ɑː s t /) [1] [2] is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
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English: Chloroplast ultrastructure outer membrane; intermembrane space; inner membrane (1+2+3: envelope) stroma (aqueous fluid) thylakoid lumen (inside of thylakoid) thylakoid membrane; granum (stack of thylakoids) thylakoid (lamella) starch; ribosome; plastidial DNA; plastoglobule (drop of lipids)
English: Possible cladogram of chloroplast evolution Circles represent endosymbiotic events. For clarity, dinophyte tertiary endosymbioses and many nonphotosynthetic lineages have been omitted. It is now established that Chromalveolata is paraphyletic to Rhizaria [Source 3]. The diagram follows the following sources: 1. Keeling PJ (October 2004).
The phytol ester of chlorophyll a (R in the diagram) is a long hydrophobic tail which anchors the molecule to other hydrophobic proteins in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. [5] Once detached from the porphyrin ring, phytol becomes the precursor of two biomarkers , pristane and phytane , which are important in the study of geochemistry ...
English: Chloroplast diagram designed for small sizes with text and number labels. ... Cell biology; साँचा:Cell biology/doc; Usage on id.wikipedia.org
Template: Chloroplast structure. 2 languages. ... 2 Chloroplast envelope. 2.1 Outer membrane. 2.2 Intermembrane space. 2.3 Inner membrane. 3 Thylakoid. 3.1 Thylakoid ...
Within the envelope membranes, in the region called the stroma, there is a system of interconnecting flattened membrane compartments, called the thylakoids.The thylakoid membrane is quite similar in lipid composition to the inner envelope membrane, containing 78% galactolipids, 15.5% phospholipids and 6.5% sulfolipids in spinach chloroplasts. [3]