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  2. Two-dimensional flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_flow

    In fluid mechanics, a two-dimensional flow is a form of fluid flow where the flow velocity at every point is parallel to a fixed plane. The velocity at any point on a ...

  3. Elements of art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_art

    A shape is a two-dimensional design encased by lines to signify its height and width structure, and can have different values of color used within it to make it appear three-dimensional. [2] [4] In animation, shapes are used to give a character a distinct personality and features, with the animator manipulating the shapes to provide new life. [1]

  4. Stream function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_function

    The two-dimensional (or Lagrange) stream function, introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1781, [1] is defined for incompressible (divergence-free), two-dimensional flows. The Stokes stream function , named after George Gabriel Stokes , [ 2 ] is defined for incompressible, three-dimensional flows with axisymmetry .

  5. Flatness (art) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_(art)

    This period of art is identified by art forms consisting of an image on a flat two-dimensional surface. This art evolution began in the 1860s and culminated 50 years later. By this time almost all three-dimensional works had been eliminated. This new approach to painting was to create a visual appearance of realism.

  6. Circulation (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_(physics)

    In fluid dynamics, the lift per unit span (L') acting on a body in a two-dimensional flow field is directly proportional to the circulation, i.e. it can be expressed as the product of the circulation Γ about the body, the fluid density , and the speed of the body relative to the free-stream : ′ =

  7. Scientific visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_visualization

    Notable early two-dimensional examples include the flow map of Napoleon's March on Moscow produced by Charles Joseph Minard in 1869; [2] the "coxcombs" used by Florence Nightingale in 1857 as part of a campaign to improve sanitary conditions in the British Army; [2] and the dot map used by John Snow in 1855 to visualise the Broad Street cholera ...

  8. Graphic arts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_arts

    Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs. [1] In museum parlance "works on paper" is a common term, covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art.

  9. 2D computer graphics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2D_computer_graphics

    In those applications, the two-dimensional image is not just a representation of a real-world object, but an independent artifact with added semantic value; two-dimensional models are therefore preferred, because they give more direct control of the image than 3D computer graphics (whose approach is more akin to photography than to typography).