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The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a ...
The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl. (But this is not necessarily the final grouping, as functional groups may be added in between to ensure all groups are listed alphabetically.) The secondary functional groups are: a hydroxy- at carbon 5, a chloro- at carbon 11, a methoxy- at carbon 15, and a bromo- at carbon 18.
In organic chemistry, alkylidene is a general term for divalent functional groups of the form R 2 C=, where each R is an alkane or hydrogen. [1] They can be considered the functional group corresponding to mono- or disubstituted divalent carbenes (known as alkylidenes), [2] or as the result of removing two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom in an alkane.
In 1919, a group of chemists created the IUPAC with this idea, as well as the purpose of unionizing scientists and strengthening the international trade of science. IUPAC celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019 and continues to regulate scientific terminology today.
IUPAC organic nomenclature has three basic parts: the substituents, carbon chain length, and chemical affix. [13] The substituents are any functional groups attached to the main carbon chain. The main carbon chain is the longest possible continuous chain. The chemical affix denotes what type of molecule it is.
Organic molecules with more than one functional group can be a source of confusion. Generally the functional group responsible for the name or type of the molecule is the 'reference' group for purposes of carbon-atom naming. For example, the molecules nitrostyrene and phenethylamine are quite similar; the former can even be reduced into the latter.
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH 3 and the structure −C(=O)−CH 3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac [5] [6] (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group.