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Hydrogen cyanide (formerly known as prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature , at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F).
In chemistry, cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. [1] In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion − C≡N. This anion is extremely poisonous.
Isocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the structural formula HNCO, which is often written as H−N=C=O. It is a colourless, volatile and poisonous gas, condensing at 23.5 °C. It is the predominant tautomer and an isomer of cyanic acid (aka. cyanol) (H−O−C≡N), and the monomer of cyanuric acid.
The most important industrial application is the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of adiponitrile (NC−(CH 2) 4 −CN) synthesis from buta-1,3-diene (CH 2 =CH−CH=CH 2).Adiponitrile is a precursor to hexamethylenediamine (H 2 N−(CH 2) 6 −NH 2), which is used for the production of certain kinds of Nylon.
Calcium cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca(CN) 2. It is the calcium salt derived from hydrocyanic acid. It is a white solid, although the pure material is rarely encountered. It slowly hydrolyses in solution or moist air to release hydrogen cyanide and is very toxic. [3]
Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) is a linear triatomic molecule with C ∞v point group symmetry.It is a zwitterion and an isomer of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). [2] Both HNC and HCN have large, similar dipole moments, with μ HNC = 3.05 Debye and μ HCN = 2.98 Debye respectively. [3]
It has been suggested that cyanogen chloride be used by the military as poison gas. Cyanogen bromide is a solid that is prepared by reacting bromine with hydrocyanic acid salts; it has been used as a chemical pesticide against insects and rodents and as a reagent for the study of protein structure. [7]
Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid. It is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odor. It is chemical feedstock for the manufacture of sulfa drugs and other pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, and in the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid. It has been used as a softener for paper and fiber.