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Racial nationalism seeks to preserve a given race through policies such as banning race mixing and the immigration of other races. Its ideas tend to be in direct conflict with those of anti-racism and multiculturalism. [4] [5] Specific examples are black nationalism and white nationalism.
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity. [223] The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language , a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry ". [ 224 ]
Some types of ethnic nationalism are firmly rooted in the idea of ethnicity as an inherited characteristic, for example black nationalism or white nationalism. [citation needed] Often ethnic nationalism also manifests in the assimilation of minority ethnic groups into the dominant group, for example as with Italianisation.
American nationalism is a form of civic, ethnic, cultural or economic influences [1] found in the United States. [2]
Amhara Democratic Party – ethnic nationalism; Oromo Democratic Party – ethnic nationalism; Afar National Democratic Party – ethnic nationalism; Benishangul-Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front – ethnic nationalism; Ethiopian Somali People's Democratic Party – ethnic nationalism; Gambela People's Democratic Movement – ethnic nationalism
Social Ethno-nationalism is a doctrine aimed at promoting social progress while defending the ethnic interests of different peoples, both emancipation and supremacy. For example, the Australian Labor Party had a strong white nationalist component and has openly supported the White Australia policy in the past. [12]
Civic nationalism is frequently contrasted with ethnic nationalism. According to Donald Ipperciel, civic nationalism historically was a determining factor in the development of modern constitutional and democratic forms of government, whereas ethnic nationalism has been more associated with authoritarian rule and even dictatorship. [8]
Cultural nationalism is a term used by scholars of nationalism to describe efforts among intellectuals to promote the formation of national communities through emphasis on a common culture. It is contrasted with "political" nationalism, which refers to specific movements for national self-determination through the establishment of a nation-state .