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Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]
Post-mortem phenomena to estimate the time of death. The post-mortem interval ( PMI ) is the time that has elapsed since an individual's death . [ 1 ] When the time of death is not known, the interval may be estimated, and so an approximate time of death established.
Livor mortis (from Latin līvor 'bluish color, bruise' and mortis 'of death'), postmortem lividity (from Latin post mortem 'after death' and lividitas 'black and blueness'), hypostasis (from Greek ὑπό (hypo) 'under, beneath' and στάσις (stasis) 'a standing') [1] [2] or suggillation, is the second stage of death and one of the signs of ...
Body size is an important factor that will also influence the rate of decomposition. [22] A larger body mass and more fat will decompose more rapidly. [22] This is because after death, fats will liquify, accounting for a large portion of decomposition. [22] People with a lower fat percentage will decompose more slowly. [22]
Up to 13 hours after death, eyeball cooling in pigs provides a reasonable estimate of time since death. [30] After 13 hours, muscle and rectal temperatures in pigs are better estimates of time since death. [31] In dogs: what changes and when. Eye K+ decreases from 1.5 hours after death to 7 hours after death. [32] Rigor mortis of hindlimbs ...
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The ratio of potassium to sodium decreases linearly with time. The reason that the potassium levels rise after death is because of a leak in the cell membrane that allows the concentration to reach equilibrium with the potassium levels in the blood plasma. This method is not exact, but a good estimate for the time since death can be obtained. [2]
Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2] The time it takes for the anesthetic medication to prevent pain in the area (speed of onset) and length of time that the area does not have painful sensations are considerations when choosing an appropriate approach to dental treatment.