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Ancient Egyptian women and men wearing kohl eye liner, from the tomb of Nakht in Thebes (15th century BC). Eye liner was first used in ancient India, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a dark black line around the eyes. As early as 10,000 BC, Egyptians and Mesopotamians wore eye liner not only for aesthetics but to protect the skin from the ...
The two main forms of eye makeup were green eye paint and black kohl. The green eye paint called Udju [3] was made of malachite, a copper carbonate pigment. The green malachite came from the mines of Sinai as early as 3000 BC. [4] [5] The black eye-paint called Mesdemet [6] was made from galena, a dark grey ore. Crushed charcoal was also used ...
"Blue" kohl is a dark-bluish black pigment composed of lead-based compounds as well as a compound of antimony. The lead-based compounds in kohl are galena (PbS) – dark grey and gloss, laurionite (PbCl(OH)) – white, phosgenite (PbCl) 2 CO 3), and cerussite (PbCO 3) – blue. The antimony-based compound in kohl is stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) – blue.
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Despite the hazardous nature of some Egyptian cosmetics, ancient Egyptian makeup was also thought to have antibacterial properties that helped prevent infections. [11] Remedies to treat wrinkles contained ingredients such as gum of frankincense and fresh moringa. For scars and burns, a special ointment was made of red ochre, kohl, and sycamore ...
Kohl was the main ingredient in eye makeup, and was composed of ashes or soot and antimony, with saffron usually added to improve the smell. Kohl was applied using a rounded stick, made of ivory, glass, bone, or wood, that would be dipped in either oil or water first, before being used to apply the kohl. [ 7 ]
Lead carbonate was also used throughout ancient Egypt and Greece [26] as a white cosmetic, known as cerussa. [28] The basic ingredient of cerussa was white lead, and it was used by Roman women to cover blemishes and enhance skin colour. [11] The Egyptians used lead sulphide in kohl, for application as makeup typically around the eye. [11]