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Maximum landing gear operating speed. This is the maximum speed at which the landing gear on a retractable gear aircraft should be extended or retracted. [7] [9] [20] V LOF: Lift-off speed. [7] [9] V MC: Minimum control speed. The minimum speed at which the aircraft is still controllable with the critical engine inoperative. [7]
The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird holds the official Air Speed Record for a crewed airbreathing jet engine aircraft with a speed of 3,530 km/h (2,190 mph). The record was set on 28 July 1976 by Eldon W. Joersz and George T. Morgan Jr. near Beale Air Force Base, California, USA.
Ground speed is just a pilot aid to estimate if the flight is on time, behind or ahead of schedule. It is not used for takeoff and landing purposes, since the imperative speed for a flying aircraft always is the speed against the wind. The Machmeter is, on subsonic aircraft, a warning indicator.
At a glance, the pilot can determine a recommended speed (V speeds) or if speed adjustments are needed. Single and multi-engine aircraft have common markings. For instance, the green arc indicates the normal operating range of the aircraft, from V S1 to V NO. The white arc indicates the flap operating range, V SO to V FE, used for approaches ...
Table II-5-1-2 Aircraft approach categories do not change during day-to-day operation. To change an aircraft's category, an aircraft must be re-certified with a different maximum landing mass. [1]: II-5-1-3 Pilots may not use a lower category than the one certified, but may choose to use a higher category for higher speed approaches. [2]
These curves typically intersect at some altitude higher than the maximum permitted altitude for the aircraft. This intersection is the coffin corner, or more formally the Q corner. [3] The above explanation is based on level, constant speed, flight with a given gross weight and load factor of 1.0 G. The specific altitudes and speeds of the ...
The concept of maximum operating maneuvering speed was introduced to the US type-certification standards for light aircraft in 1993. [1] [6] The maximum operating maneuvering speed is selected by the aircraft designer and cannot be more than , where V s is the stalling speed of the aircraft, and n is the maximal allowed positive load factor.
This occurs at the speed where the difference between engine power and the power required to overcome the aircraft's drag is greatest (maximum excess power). [3] V x increases with altitude and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling, the altitude above which the airplane cannot climb in steady flight.
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