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All railways except the heritage ones are closed or under conversion/are converted to the nation-wide standard 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge, under Project Unigauge. Despite attempts to convert the entire country into broad-gauge many Metro systems and Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor are done under Standard-gauge railway. [1]
Comparison of different gauges in India with standard gauge. Project Unigauge, started on 1 April 1992, [1] is an ongoing effort by Indian Railways to convert and unify almost all rail gauges in India to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge.
The network was built with a variety of gauges, including 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge metre gauge and 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) narrow gauge; but a long-term effort, Project Unigauge, aims to convert most of these to broad gauge.
Standard gauge is defined both in metric and in imperial units. It is also the best-known gauge worldwide; 55% of the world uses this track. In 2020, China’s rail network is standard gauge, with around 79,685 km (49,514 mi) of line. [92] 1,440 mm 4 ft 8 + 11 ⁄ 16 in: Switzerland
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART in the San Francisco Bay Area. In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge. In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge").
† Converted from narrow or meter gauges ‡ Under construction or under upgradation Speed Group B lines: up to 130 km/h (81 mph) Group A lines: up to 160 km/h (99 mph) Note. While this article may not list all railway lines of India, the most significant ones which have a dedicated Wikipedia article are listed here.
In 1853, the first passenger train on 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge ran for 34 kilometres (21 mi) between Bombay and Thane which had 14-carriages carrying 400 people, hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. [12] [13] The Great Southern of India Railway Company was established with its headquarters in England in 1853. [14]
High-speed rail lines in India [5] Corridor Speed Length Track gauge Status Year Reference Delhi-Varanasi: 320 km/h (200 mph) 865 km (537 mi) Standard Gauge: DPR under preparation 2031 [6] Delhi–Amritsar: 320 km/h (200 mph) 480 km (300 mi) Standard Gauge: DPR under preparation 2051 [6] Delhi–Ahmedabad: 320 km/h (200 mph) 886 km (551 mi)