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The causes of schizophrenia may include genetic and environmental factors. [7] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants . [ 21 ] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city , childhood adversity, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the age of a person's mother or father , and poor ...
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is poorly understood. Multiple hypotheses have been put forward, with evidence both supporting and contradicting them. The most commonly supported theories are the dopamine hypothesis and the glutamate hypothesis. [29]
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
Simple-type schizophrenia is a sub-type of schizophrenia included in the International Classification of Diseases , [1] in which it is classified as a mental and behaviour disorder. [2] It is not included in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ) or the upcoming ICD-11 , [ 3 ] effective 1 January 2022. [ 4 ]
In alternative medicine, some practitioners believe that there is a vast number of physical causes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. [196] While some of these explanations may stretch credulity, others (such as heavy metal poisoning and nutritional imbalances) have been supported at least somewhat by research. [47] [197] [198]
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia models the subset of pathologic mechanisms of schizophrenia linked to glutamatergic signaling. The hypothesis was initially based on a set of clinical, neuropathological, and, later, genetic findings pointing at a hypofunction of glutamatergic signaling via NMDA receptors .
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