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Posthitis can have infectious causes such as bacteria or fungi, or non-infectious causes such as contact dermatitis or psoriasis. The inflammation may be caused by irritants in the environment. Common causative organisms include candida, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. The cause must be properly diagnosed before a treatment can be prescribed.
[6] [7] Some of these infections are sexually transmitted, however a yeast infection, Candida balanitis, is generally not categorized as such. It is less common among males who are circumcised; in many cases, a dysfunction of the foreskin is a causal or contributing factor. [1] Both not enough cleaning and too much cleaning can cause problems. [1]
Circumcision is sometimes performed for phimosis, and is an effective treatment; however, this method has become less common as of 2012. [12] While circumcision prevents phimosis, studies of the incidence of healthy infants circumcised for each prevented case of phimosis are inconsistent. [20] [31]
The cause of balanitis plasmacellularis is unknown however heat friction and rubbing are possible contributing factors. A biopsy is needed to make the diagnosis. Balanitis plasmacellularis can be managed with good hygiene and medications. Circumcision is curative.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it. It destroys some tissue in an attempt to mitigate bleeding and damage, remove an undesired growth, or minimize other potential medical harm, such as infections when antibiotics are unavailable.
Circumcisions “certainly make hygiene easier” and may reduce infections in the area, Marchand adds. In uncircumcised males, an infection of the foreskin, called posthitis , can occur.
The protection provided by the foreskin for the glans penis and meatus has been recognized since 1915. In the absence of the foreskin the meatus is exposed to mechanical and chemical irritation from ammoniacal diaper (nappy) that produces blister formation and ulceration of the urethral opening, which eventually gives rise to meatal stenosis (a narrowing of the opening). [1]