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Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Paraphrenia is often associated with a physical change in the brain, such as a tumor, stroke, ventricular enlargement, or neurodegenerative process. [4] Research that reviewed the relationship between organic brain lesions and the development of delusions suggested that "brain lesions which lead to subcortical dysfunction could produce delusions when elaborated by an intact cortex".
Peduncular hallucinosis is more common in patients with a long duration of Parkinson's disease and also with a long treatment history, depression, and cognitive impairment. [4] Paranoid delusions are common in these patients even though the hallucinations can occur during clear sensorium .
Oneirophrenia (from the Greek words "ὄνειρος" (oneiros, "dream") and "φρήν" (phrēn, "mind")) is a hallucinatory, dream-like state caused by several conditions such as prolonged sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, or drugs (such as ibogaine).
The cause of delusional disorder is unknown, [8] but genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors may play a significant role in its development. [ better source needed ] Some people with delusional disorders may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters , the chemicals that send and receive messages to the brain. [ 18 ]
Delusions and hallucinations may be reduced by increasing lighting in the evening, and making sure there is no light at night when the individual with DLB is sleeping. [191] With the increased risk of side effects from antipsychotics for people with DLB, educated caregivers are able to act as advocates for the person with DLB. [195]
Hypnopompia (also known as hypnopompic state) is the state of consciousness leading out of sleep, a term coined by the psychical researcher Frederic Myers.Its mirror is the hypnagogic state at sleep onset; though often conflated, the two states are not identical and have a different phenomenological character.
Symptoms were thought to include agitation, depersonalization, and delusions of bodily change, in the absence of manic features. [4] Symptoms of fear were also considered to occur, as well as despondency and hypochondriacal delusions. In the absence of treatment, the disorder was thought to have a prolonged, deteriorating course with poor ...