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In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.
One example is the pair [CrCl(H 2 O) 5]Cl 2 •H 2 O and [Cr(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3. [1] The former has one water of crystallization but the latter does not. Another example is the pair of titanium(III) chlorides, [Ti(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3 and [Ti(H 2 O) 4 Cl 2]Cl(H 2 O) 2. The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is ...
Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl 3 −CH(OH) 2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl 3 −CH=O. Many organic molecules, as well as inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule ( water of crystallization ).
"Nickel dichloride hexahydrate" consists of the chloride complex trans-[NiCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 plus water of crystallization. As indicated in the table below, many hydrates of metal chlorides are molecular complexes. [78] [79] These compounds are often important commercial sources of transition metal chlorides. Several hydrated metal chlorides are ...
Some mineral structures, for example, montmorillonite, are capable of including a variable amount of water without significant change to the mineral structure. [citation needed] Hydration is the mechanism by which hydraulic binders such as Portland cement develop strength. A hydraulic binder is a material that can set and harden submerged in ...
Examples of volatiles within magma include water, carbon dioxide, and halogen gases. [1] High pressures allow these volatiles to stay relatively stable within solution. [ 1 ] However, over time, as the magmatic pressure decreases, volatiles will rise out of solution in the gaseous phase, further decreasing the magmatic pressure. [ 1 ]
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Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO 4.It forms hydrates ZnSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 0 to 7. All are colorless solids. The most common form includes water of crystallization as the heptahydrate, [4] with the formula Zn SO 4 ·7H 2 O.