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Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid) is the compound described by the formula H 3 PO 3. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula. Phosphorous acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.
Hypophosphorous acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H 3 PO 2. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane and alcohols.
Phosphoric acid units can be bonded together in rings (cyclic structures). The simplest such compound is trimetaphosphoric acid or cyclo-triphosphoric acid having the formula H 3 P 3 O 9. Its structure is shown in the illustration. Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid.
Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) is an example of a weak acid. The strength of a weak acid is quantified by its acid dissociation constant, value. The strength of a weak organic acid may depend on substituent effects. The strength of an inorganic acid is dependent on the oxidation state for the atom to which the proton may be attached. Acid strength is ...
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
Trimetaphosphoric acid (or cyclotriphosphoric acid), H 3 P 3 O 9 (or (HPO 3) 3, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) 3), a cyclic molecule with three acidic hydrogens. Forms the trimetaphosphate salts and esters. Metaphosphoric acid is a general term for phosphoric acids with a single cycle, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) n, whose elemental formula is HPO 3.
Hypophosphoric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H 4 P 2 O 6, with phosphorus in a formal oxidation state of +4. In the solid state it is present as the dihydrate, H 4 P 2 O 6 ·2H 2 O. In hypophosphoric acid the phosphorus atoms are identical and joined directly with a P−P bond.