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Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, nonacid-fast, nonmotile bacterium.Distributed worldwide, E. rhusiopathiae is primarily considered an animal pathogen, causing the disease known as erysipelas that may affect a wide range of animals.
The best-known species within the genus is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is the cause of erysipelas of domestic pigs, poultry and other animal species. In humans, E. rhusiopathiae infections are termed erysipeloid.
Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is a cutaneous condition most frequently characterized by a purplish marginated swelling on the hands. [6]: 264 The eponym Rosenbach's disease is in reference to the milder type of the condition and is named after Friedrich Julius Rosenbach. [7]
In contrast to cellulitis, erysipelas is a bacterial infection involving the more superficial layers of the skin, present with an area of redness with well-defined edges, and more often is associated with a fever. [1] The diagnosis is usually based on the presenting signs and symptoms, while a cell culture is rarely possible.
Erysipelas and cellulitis are characterized by multiplication and lateral spread of S. pyogenes in deep layers of the skin. S. pyogenes invasion and multiplication in the fascia beneath the skin can lead to necrotizing fasciitis, a life-threatening surgical emergency.
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin. [2] The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. [2] Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits. [2]
Sporotrichosis by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Cutaneous or skin sporotrichosis; This is the most common form of this disease. Symptoms of this form include nodular lesions or bumps in the skin, at the point of entry and also along lymph nodes and vessels.