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Ricinus communis, the castor bean [1] or castor oil plant, [2] is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus , Ricinus , and subtribe , Ricininae .
The castor bean plant from which ricin is derived is a common ornamental and can be grown at home without any special care. Under both the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention and the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention , ricin is listed as a schedule 1 controlled substance .
Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans, the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis. [1] The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. [ 2 ] It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor.
Castor bean has bold, tropical-looking foliage and spiny capsules. At maturity, the capsules split open to reveal tan seeds marbled with dark brown, which contain the potent toxin ricin.
Seeds are the source of some medicines including castor oil, tea tree oil and the quack cancer drug Laetrile. Many seeds have been used as beads in necklaces and rosaries including Job's tears, Chinaberry, rosary pea, and castor bean. However, the latter three are also poisonous. Other seed uses include: Seeds once used as weights for balances.
Castor beans are also a source of the toxin ricin. [147] Chaulmoogra oil, from the seeds of Hydnocarpus wightiana, used for many centuries, internally and externally, to treat leprosy. [195] Also used to treat secondary syphilis, rheumatism, scrofula, and in phthisis. [196] [197] Crambe oil, extracted from the seeds of the Crambe abyssinica.
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