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2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (O 2 N) 2 C 6 H 3 Cl. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is an important intermediate for the industrial production of other compounds. [2] DNCB is produced commercially by the nitration of p-nitrochlorobenzene with a mixture of nitric and ...
[2] The reduction of benzenediazonium chloride with tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid provides phenylhydrazine. [2] 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine is produced by the reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with hydrazine. [2] Tetraphenylhydrazine is formed by the oxidation of diphenylamine with potassium permanganate in acetone. [2]
2,4-Dinitroaniline can be prepared by reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with ammonia or by acid hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitroacetanilide. [ 1 ] Dinitroanilines are explosive and flammable with heat or friction.
The three possible arrangements of the nitro groups afford three isomers, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. Each isomer has the chemical formula C 6 H 4 N 2 O 4 and a molar mass of about 168.11 g/mol. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is the most common isomer and it is used in the manufacture of explosives.
2,4-Dinitroaniline can be prepared by reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with ammonia. It can be also prepared by the electrophilic aromatic substitution of aniline. Direct nitration should not be used due to the reactivity of aniline. (i.e. It can be protonated to anilinium or oxidized easily.) Instead the acetyl protection should be used.
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [ 1 ] which are commodity chemicals required by industry.
2,4-Dinitroanisole can be formed from p-nitroanisole or o-nitroanisole nitration. Also it can be formed from 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by treatment with sodium methoxide (sodium in methanol) or sodium hydroxide with methanol. [1] Over a period of days, alkalies will hydrolyse the ether bond to form 2,4-dinitrophenol. [7]
The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. [1] Many methods exist, such as: Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel [2] or palladium-on-carbon, [3] [4] [5] platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel. [6] Iron in acidic media. [7] [8] [9] Sodium hydrosulfite [10] Sodium sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide and base ...