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Ibn al-Haytham is sometimes given the byname al-Baṣrī after his birthplace, [25] or al-Miṣrī ("the Egyptian"). [26] [27] Al-Haytham was dubbed the "Second Ptolemy" by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi [28] and "The Physicist" by John Peckham. [29] Ibn al-Haytham paved the way for the modern science of physical optics. [30]
The Book of Optics (Arabic: كتاب المناظر, romanized: Kitāb al-Manāẓir; Latin: De Aspectibus or Perspectiva; Italian: Deli Aspecti) is a seven-volume treatise on optics and other fields of study composed by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen or Alhacen (965–c. 1040 AD).
It is named for the 11th-century Arab mathematician Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) who presented a geometric solution in his Book of Optics. The algebraic solution involves quartic equations and was found in 1965 by Jack M. Elkin .
Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040) (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception [13] Al-Biruni (973–1050), pioneer of reaction time [ 14 ] Avicenna (980–1037) (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry , [ 15 ] thought experiment , self-awareness and self-consciousness [ 16 ]
Hyperbolic geometry: The theorems of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), Omar Khayyám and Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī on quadrilaterals were the first theorems on hyperbolic geometry. [78] Magnifying glass and convex lens: A convex lens used for forming a magnified image was described in the Book of Optics by Ibn al-Haytham in 1021. [79]
Thinkers from this period included Al-Farabi, Abu Bishr Matta, Ibn Sina, al-Hassan Ibn al-Haytham and Ibn Bajjah. [3] These works and the important commentaries on them were the wellspring of science during the medieval period. They were translated into Arabic, the lingua franca of this period.
In the Middle East, Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (c. 965 – c. 1040 AD) derived a formula for the sum of fourth powers. He used the results to carry out what would now be called an integration , where the formulas for the sums of integral squares and fourth powers allowed him to calculate the volume of a paraboloid . [ 11 ]
Using a similar proof to the one above, the Arab mathematician Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized name Alhazen, c. 965 – c. 1040) showed that where two lunes are formed, on the two sides of a right triangle, whose outer boundaries are semicircles and whose inner boundaries are formed by the circumcircle of the triangle, then the areas of these ...