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Unlike neonates, hyperbilirubinemia itself requires no treatment in adults. Instead, treatment varies by underlying diseases. As mentioned, cholelithiasis is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia. Gallstones can be removed using acid or shock waves in litholytic therapy and lithotripsy, respectively.
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin. [11] Complications related to hemolytic jaundice include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment. [12] [13]
Typically no treatment is needed. [1] Gilbert syndrome is associated with decreased cardiovascular health risks. [4] If jaundice is significant phenobarbital may be used, which aids in the conjugation of bilirubin. [1] Gilbert syndrome affects about 5% of people in the United States. [3] Males are more often diagnosed than females. [1]
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction. [1] The term was coined in 1904 by Christian Georg Schmorl.Bilirubin is a naturally occurring substance in the body of humans and many other animals, but it is neurotoxic when its concentration in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia.
Rotor syndrome is a benign disease requiring no treatment. [2] Jaundice is a lifelong finding, but the disease is not associated with morbidity or mortality, and life expectancy is not affected. [2] Most individuals with Rotor syndrome are born to consanguineous couples and its diagnosis may coincidently identify consanguinity. [2]
Reviewed by Dietitian Karen Ansel, M.S., RDNReviewed by Dietitian Karen Ansel, M.S., RDN. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a silent condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age ...
Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, or plasmapheresis. [1] [2] About 1.5 per 100,000 people are affected per year. [5] [1] Less than 5% of those with the condition die. [1] Of the remainder, up to 25% have ongoing kidney problems. [1] HUS was first defined as a syndrome in 1955. [1] [8]