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The word "prejudice" can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs [3] [4] and it may apply to "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence". [5] Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience". [ 6 ]
American psychologist Gordon Allport coined this term in his 1954 book, The Nature of Prejudice. [2] Antilocution is the first point on Allport's Scale, which can be used to measure the degree of bias or prejudice in a society. Allport's stages of prejudice are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination.
Allport's Scale of Prejudice goes from 1 to 5. Antilocution: Antilocution occurs when an in-group freely purports negative images of an out-group. [2] Hate speech is the extreme form of this stage. [3] It is commonly seen as harmless by the majority.
Devine's 1989 study, Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components, [5] received the prestigious Scientific Impact Award from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, recognizing her paper's lasting impact that fundamentally altered the landscape of prejudice and stereotyping research. [6]
Contact approaches to prejudice reduction are based on prominent social psychologist, Gordon Allport's, contact hypothesis. [3] According to this hypothesis, prejudice is best reduced under optimal conditions of contact between those who hold prejudiced beliefs and those who are the targets of prejudiced beliefs.
Integrated threat theory (ITT), also known as intergroup threat theory, [1] is a theory in psychology and sociology which attempts to describe the components of perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups.
Researchers use a variety of methods to measure ambivalent prejudice. The most widely used method is the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), developed by Glick and Fiske in 1996. [3] [9] The ASI focuses on sexism, a form of ambivalent prejudice characterized by both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward women. These attitudes reflect typical ...
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. [1] It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status; well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination.