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In determining melting points of a refractory substance by this method, it is necessary to either have black body conditions or to know the emissivity of the material being measured. The containment of the high melting material in the liquid state may introduce experimental difficulties. Melting temperatures of some refractory metals have thus ...
The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera).
The solidus temperature specifies the temperature below which a material is completely solid, [2] and the minimum temperature at which a melt can co-exist with crystals in thermodynamic equilibrium. Liquidus and solidus are mostly used for impure substances (mixtures) such as glasses , metal alloys , ceramics , rocks , and minerals .
Refractory metals have high melting points, with tungsten and rhenium the highest of all elements, and the other's melting points only exceeded by osmium and iridium, and the sublimation of carbon. These high melting points define most of their applications. All the metals are body-centered cubic except rhenium which is hexagonal close-packed.
the heat at which water boils vehemently (the temperature at which water begins to boil is given as an additional value in the description, as 33) 40: melting point of an alloy of one part lead, four parts tin and five parts bismuth 48: 3: melting point of an alloy of equal parts of bismuth and tin 57: 3 + 1 ⁄ 4
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Tammann temperature was pioneered by German astronomer, solid-state chemistry, and physics professor Gustav Tammann in the first half of the 20th century. [1]: 152 He had considered a lattice motion very important for the reactivity of matter and quantified his theory by calculating a ratio of the given material temperatures at solid-liquid phases at absolute temperatures.